The development of social services and social policy in Malta is closely linked to the country's political evolution, particularly from the beginning of the 20th century up to the post-Independence period. During these years, various governments and political movements played a role in shaping policies that had a direct impact on the lives of the Maltese people, especially in the areas of education, employment, health, and social protection.
In the years before Independence, Malta faced significant economic and social challenges. In this context, various political leaders and social ideas-including those inspired by Christian teachings and papal encyclicals-influenced political thinking on social justice. Documents such as Rerum Novarum and Quadragesimo Anno emphasized workers' rights and the responsibility of the state to intervene against social injustices. These principles were reflected in a number of political initiatives in Malta.
At the beginning of the 20th century, several important measures were introduced. For example, the first steps were taken toward legislation on compensation for workers injured at the workplace, as well as initiatives in the field of social housing. The construction of accommodation for working-class families in areas such as Bormla, Paola, and Ħamrun was an important step in improving living standards. Furthermore, the introduction of compulsory education and investment in schools led to a significant increase in the number of children attending school.
In the 1940s, pension systems for the elderly, as well as for widows and orphans, were introduced-an essential step toward a more comprehensive welfare state. These measures show how Malta began developing a social structure that provides basic protection to the most vulnerable.
After Independence in 1964, Malta entered a new phase of economic and social development. The economy began to expand, and there was an increase in wages and employment. The state played an active role in job creation and in improving living standards. However, this progress was not uniform and was accompanied by political and social challenges.
The period between the 1970s and 1980s was one of profound-and in some cases controversial-change. The economic and social policies of that time aimed at structural transformation of the economy but also brought tensions. Reports and testimonies from that period indicate that there were increases in unemployment in certain years, as well as industrial and social conflicts. There was also debate about fundamental rights, including the right to strike and freedom of association in the workplace.
Some critics argue that certain political ideas led to restrictions on individual freedoms and on the functioning of certain institutions, including the media and professional organizations. On the other hand, supporters of these political philosophies argue that such measures were necessary to achieve more independent economic development and to reduce external dependencies.
During the same period, there were also changes in the health and education sectors. Some decisions related to the organization of hospitals and the university were controversial, especially when they affected access or working conditions for professionals. Undoubtedly, this led to tensions between the government and various social groups.
The political crisis of 1981, where the majority of votes was not reflected in the government, is considered a critical point in Malta's democratic history. However, this event strengthened the debate on democratic representation and led to constitutional changes in the years that followed.
In fact, after 1987, Malta saw a shift in policy and in how various sectors were addressed. There was an emphasis on education as a universal right, including the introduction of kindergarten for young children and the expansion of university courses. The education sector also saw greater recognition of the teaching profession and improvements in infrastructure.
In the housing sector, measures were introduced to reduce discrimination and improve the allocation of social housing. At the same time, services for the elderly began to be organized in a more structured way, including the creation of specific roles to address the needs of this segment of the population.
The economy also began to grow more sustainably, with an emphasis on foreign investment and new sectors. This led to increased employment and improved living standards, although new challenges continued to emerge, such as those related to globalization and international competition.
Overall, the history of social services in Malta shows a continuous process of development and adaptation. Each period had its own priorities and challenges, and each government left its mark on how the state intervenes in the country's social and economic life.
With this writing, I am by no means living in the past, but it is important that this history is analyzed critically and in a balanced way, considering both the achievements and the limitations of each policy. This helps us better understand how Malta arrived where it is today and how better decisions can be made for the future. Ultimately, the fundamental question TODAY remains: what kind of society does Malta want to build? The answer to this question requires reflection on values, priorities, and past experiences, in order to create a balance between social justice, individual freedom, and sustainable economic development.
Not as a politician, but as a Maltese citizen, I want to look in the mirror and ask myself: "What am I doing for my country?" If each and every one of us did this, we would have shared responsibility and commitment to improve our country and eliminate the ugly disease of gossiping and creating divisions among our people. We would stop playing to the gallery.
Ivan Bartolo MP